英语介词常考点综合

　　一、介词定义

　　介词，就像桥梁一样，可以用于其他词之间的联系，又像现实中房地产行业的中介。比如，不及物动词本身不能直接加宾语，但加上介词，可以形成动词短语，后边就可接宾语了。从形式上，介词可以分为简单介词、合成介词、短语介词、分词介词和双重介词。这里，焦大婶主要从介词的用途上去梳理，因为感觉用途上的分类更贴近中高考考点。从用途上，介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词(方位介词)、方式介词、目的介词、原因介词、结果介词、比较介词、让步介词、其他介词等，这里的分类包含介词短语，下面介绍分类时介词短语会一起出现。介词后常加动词ing形式，这点在考试中也是比较常考的。

　　举例：

　　1. I go to school at 7:15 a.m. (时间介词)

　　2. I arrived in Guangzhou yesterday. (arrive为不及物动词，in在这为地点介词，arrive in为短语“到达”→后可接宾语)

　　3. I am afraid of walking alone at night. (be afraid of doing sth.)

　　二、介词常考知识点

　　(一)时间介词

　　1. at/on/in/from...to...

　　at+具体时刻，on+day/星期/具体日期/具体早中晚，in+常规早中晚/月份/年份/时代世纪/几十岁。另外注意：at night/noon/midnight/dawn/dusk → 在晚上/中午/半夜/拂晓/黄昏。

　　(1) Linda often have supper at 19:30 p.m.

　　(2) On a sunny day/On October 12th/On the morning of Saturday, Tom played football with his friends outside.

　　(3) Linda often go for a walk in the morning.

　　(4) Linda learned to swim in June/in 2008/in the 1980s/in her twenties.

　　2. for/in

　　for+一段时间：表示持续一段时间，常用于回答how long的提问以及现在完成时的句子表达。in+一段时间：表示在一段时间之后，常用于回答how soon的提问以及一般将来时的句子表达。

　　(1) How long have you learned English? I have learned English for 3 years.

　　(2) How soon will you come back to Guangzhou? In 3 days.

　　3. till/until/during

　　till/until 直到，during 在......期间。

　　(1) Tom will wait for Linda till/until 21:30 p.m.

　　(2) Tom stayed at home during the Spring Festival.

　　4. before/after/by

　　before 在......之前，after 在......之后，by 到......为止。

　　(1) Linda wants to go home before 18:30 p.m.

　　(2) Linda often goes to bed after 23:30 p.m.

　　(3) Linda needs to finish the task by the end of this month.

　　5. so far/since

　　so far 到目前为止，since自从，两者常用于现在完成时的句子表达。

　　(1) So far, Linda has watched TV for 2 hours.

　　(2) Linda has been in Guangzhou for 10 years since 2008.

　　(二)地点介词(方位介词)

　　1.里：in, inside, into

　　2.外：out, outside, out of

　　3.上：on, above, over, at the top of(顶部)

　　4.下：below, under, beneath, at the bottom of(底部)

　　5.旁：beside, by, on the left/on the right, near, close to, next to

　　6.对面/另一边：opposite, across, past/beyond(另一边/更远处)

　　7.之间：in the middle of(中间), between(两者之间), among(三者及三者以上之间)

　　8.前后：in the front of, in front of, behind

　　9.远离：off, away from

　　10.穿/移动：across(横穿), through(内部穿), towards

　　(三)方式介词

　　1.by/with/in/through 使用

　　(1) by：①by+交通工具。②by+doing sth。

　　Linda goes to work by bus.

　　Linda learned math well by asking her teacher for help.

　　(2) with：通常表示用比较具体的工具。

　　Linda ate the meat with a fork.

　　(3) in：通常表示用语言、材料等。

　　Linda communicates with Tom in English.

　　2.by/on/in 乘坐

　　(1) Tom often rides a bike to work.=Tom often goes to work by bike.

　　(2) Tom often goes to work on a bike.

　　(3) Tom often goes to work by car/in a car.=Tom often drives to work.

　　(四)比较介词than

　　Linda is taller than Tom.

　　(五)让步介词 in spite of

　　In spite of failing the exam, Linda doesn't lose heart.

　　(六)结果介词as a result

　　As a result, Tom lost his job.

　　(七)目的介词for/to do/in order to

　　1. Linda often listens to music on weekend in order to make herself relaxed.

　　2. Linda buys some food for supper.

　　(八)原因介词because of/thanks to/due to/owing to/as a result of

　　1. Because of you, my life become colorful.

　　2. Thanks to the hard work, Linda passed the exam.

　　3. The accident was due to driving with over-speed.

　　4. Owing to the bad weather, we put off the outside plan.

　　5. The cat died as a result of its injuries.

　　(九)其他常考介词

　　1. 表示“关于”：about/on/of

　　2. 表示“超过”：over/beyond

　　3. 表示“代替”：take the place of/instead of/in place of

　　4. 表示“除......之外”：except/besides/but/except for/apart from

　　5. 表示“反对”→against；表示“支持”→for

　　6. 表示“有没有”：with/without

　　三、介词常考搭配

　　1. in danger 在危险中，in good health 身体好，in pain 痛苦，in vain 徒劳，in time 及时，in public 公开，in trouble 陷入麻烦，in case of 以防万一，in return 回报，in charge of 管理

　　2. at a loss 不知所措，at peace 和平，at work 在工作，at present 现在，at the cost of 以.....的代价，at the sight of 一看到......就......

　　3. to one's surprise/regret 令某人惊讶、惊喜、遗憾的是

　　4. by turns 轮流，by chance/accident 偶然，by hand 手工的，by the hour/month 按小时/月

　　5. out of date 过期，out of work 失业，out of breath 上气不接下气

　　6. beyond compare 无与伦比，beyond belief 难以置信

　　7. under control 在掌控中，under discussion 在讨论

　　四、介词易混淆点

　　(一) between 和 among

　　1. between 在两者之间：Between the cat and the dog, you need to choose one.

　　2. among 三者及三者以上：Linda is the tallest one among the students in Class One.

　　(二) arrive in 和 arrive at

　　1. arrive in+大地点：I arrived in Guangzhou yesterday.

　　2. arrive at+小地点：I arrived at the library near your school yesterday.

　　(三) in/on/to

　　1. in 在......里面，包含关系：Guangzhou is in Guangdong province.

　　2. on 表示相邻，强调有接触面：The book is on the desk.

　　3. to 在......之外，不包含且有隔着一定距离：Beijing is to the north of Guangzhou.

　　(四) in front of 和 in the front of

　　1. in front of 表示范围之外的前面：The teacher stands in front of the desk. (teacher 和 desk 相互独立，范围之外)

　　2. in the front of 表示范围之内的前面：The teacher stands in the front of the classroom. (teacher 在 classroom 里面，范围之内)

　　(五) be famous for 和 be famous as

　　1. be famous for 强调因为......而出名，后常接名胜古迹、特色美食、独特风格等：Our hometown is famous for the delicious food.

　　2. be famous as 强调作为......而出名，后常接职业、身份等：He is famous as a writer.

　　(六) except/except for/besides

　　1. except 表示除......之外(没有)，强调except后接的人或事物并未包含在内，与其他提到的人或事物属于同类中的不同：My cats are white except Kitty.(表示我的猫都是白色的，但Kitty不是白色的)

　　2. except for 后接的人或事物属于提到的整体中的部分且该部分常为缺点或不足，强调美中不足，整体不错但部分需要改善：The cat is good except for the color which I don't like.(表示猫整体都很好，但是颜色不是我喜欢的)

　　3. besides 表示除......之外(还有)：Besides apples, I like grapes.(表示除了苹果外，我还喜欢葡萄)

　　(七) across/through/past/over

　　1. across 表示表面横穿：Tom goes across the sidewalk when the green light is on.

　　2. through 表示内部穿过：Tom went through the forest alone yesterday.

　　3. past 表示旁边经过：Tom hurried past Linda without stopping.

　　4. over 表示上方越过：The plane often flies over the city.

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