校园欺凌和性骚扰／侵害的表达及在未成年人保护法和刑法中的规定

　　校园欺凌，英文表达为school bully，是发生在校园内外、以学生为参与主体的一种攻击性行为，它既包括直接欺凌也包括间接欺凌。校园欺凌不等同于校园暴力，校园暴力包含校园欺凌，而校园欺凌是最常见的一种校园暴力

　　性骚扰，英文表达为sextual harassment，指以带性暗示的言语或动作针对被骚扰对象，强迫受害者配合，使对方感到不悦。任何性别的人都有可能是性骚扰的受害者。按照行为方式分类，性骚扰可以分为言语性骚扰、行为性骚扰、环境性骚扰；按照发生场所分类，性骚扰可以分为校园性骚扰（sexual harassment on campus）、公共场所性骚扰、职业场所性骚扰、家庭性骚扰、网络性骚扰。

　　性侵害，英文表达为sextual assault，性侵害涉及各种非意愿的性接触和被强迫的性行为，包括强制性交、强迫亲吻、性骚扰、性虐待，露阴、窥阴等在司法判例上也可能被算作性侵害。《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》（2020修订）的第五十四条明确提出禁止对未成年人实施性侵害。

　　

　　《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》第三十九条：

　　学校对学生欺凌行为应当立即制止，通知实施欺凌和被欺凌未成年学生的父母或者其他监护人参与欺凌行为的认定和处理；对相关未成年学生及时给予心理辅导、教育和引导；对相关未成年学生的父母或者其他监护人给予必要的家庭教育指导。

　　Shools shall stop bullying behaviors of students immdiately and notify parents or other guardians of minor students who bully or are bullied to participate in the identification and handling of bullying behaviors.

　　《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》第四十条：

　　学校、幼儿园应当建立预防性侵害、性骚扰未成年人工作制度。对性侵害、性骚扰未成年人等违法犯罪行为，学校、幼儿园不得隐瞒，应当及时向公安机关、教育行政部门报告，并配合相关部门依法处理。

　　Schools and kindergartens shall establish a work system for the prevention of sexual assault and sexual harassment of minors.

　　学校、幼儿园应当对未成年人开展适合其年龄的性教育，提高未成年人防范性侵害、性骚扰的自我保护意识和能力。对遭受性侵害、性骚扰的未成年人，学校、幼儿园应当及时采取相关的保护措施。

　　Schools and kingdergardens shall provide age-appropriate sex education to minros and inprove their awareness and ability of self-protctions against sextual assault and sextual harassment.

　　对未成年人性骚扰为猥亵儿童罪、强奸罪。

　　《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百三十六条：

　　以暴力、胁迫或者其他手段强奸妇女的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

　　A person who rapes a woman by force, threat or any other means shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than tne years.

　　奸淫不满十四周岁的幼女的，以强奸论，从重处罚。

　　A person who has sextual relations with a girl under the age of fourteen years shall be deemed to have committed rape and shall be sentenced heavily.

　　强奸妇女、奸淫幼女，有下列情形之一的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑：

　　A person who , under any of the following circumstances, rapes a woman or has sextual relations with a girl, shall be sentenced to fix-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life inprisonment or death:

　　1、强奸妇女、奸淫幼女情节恶劣的;to rape a woman or to have realtions with a girl with flagrant circumstances;

　　2、强奸妇女、奸淫幼女多人的;to rape several woman or to have sextual relations with several girls;

　　3、在公共场所当众强奸妇女的;to rape a woman in a pulic place;

　　4、二人以上轮奸的;to rape the same victim in succession by two or more persons;or

　　5、致使被害人重伤、死亡或者造成其他严重后果的。To cause severe bodily injury or death of the victim or any other serious result.

　　《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百三十七条：

　　以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法强制猥亵妇女或者侮辱妇女的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

　　A person who acts indecently towards or insults a woman by force, threat, or any other means shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than fie years or criminal detention.

　　聚众或者在公共场所当众犯前款罪的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

　　A person who, by means of gathering a crowed or in the public place and in public, commits a crime under the preceding paragarph, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

　　猥亵儿童的，依照前两款的规定从重处罚。

　　A person who acts incedently towards a child shall be sentenced heavily in accordance with the provisions of the proceding two paragraphs.

　　

　　参考双语例句：

　　We have to understand that this is a behaviour among students, and through "healthy campus" and school education on moral education, we hope to help them realize the standards that their behaviours should reach so that they will have fewer misbehavious, thus reducing the number of school bullying cases.

　　我们要明白，这些事情是学生之间互相的行为，我们希望透过健康校园及德育方面的学校教育，让他们明白本身的行为应该达到甚么标准，来减少他们在这方面出现行为失当，令校园欺凌事件的数字得以减少。

　　Direct discrimination based on sex also includes sexual harassment or less favourable treatment of a person in connection with pregnancy and child-birth, parenting, performance of family obligations or other circumstances related to gender.

　　基于性别的直接歧视也包括性骚扰，包括一个人因为怀孕和生子、为人父母、履行家庭义务或其他涉及性别的情形而受到的较差待遇。

　　It also developed and sent to OHCHR (United Nations special procedures) urgent appeals on torture and other serious violations of the rights of children in various countries, including in respect of the legality of a detention; assault, ill treatment and torture by officials; administrative detention; abusive arrest and detention; torture in police custody; sexual assault, killing, disappearance, reprisals and threats; the risk of impunity; harsh repression of peaceful demonstrations; and violations of due process.

　　它还制定并向人权高专办（联合国特别程序）发出关于各国酷刑和其他严重侵犯儿童权利的紧急呼吁，所涉方面包括拘留的合法性；官员实施的殴打、虐待和酷刑；行政拘留；滥用逮捕和拘留；被警方拘留期间遭受酷刑；性攻击、杀害、失踪、报复和威胁；有罪不罚的可能；严厉镇压和平示威；以及违反正当程序。

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