2022.2.18|考研英语外刊-剖腹产还是顺产:应该由母亲还是医生说了算?

栏目:教育资源  时间:2023-01-23
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  背景知识

  剖宫产术是产科领域中的重要手术。第一次活体剖宫产术发生在1610年,当时外科医生特劳特曼和顾斯(Trautmann和Gusth)第一次给产妇实行了剖宫产术,但产妇于术后25天死亡。经阴道分娩是自然而且符合生理的分娩途径,产妇分娩后能迅速康复,新生儿能更好的适应外界环境。剖宫产是经腹切开子宫取出胎儿的手术。剖宫产产妇术中出血、术后血栓形成率、再次妊娠发生前置胎盘和子宫破裂的几率远高于经阴道分娩的产妇;同时剖宫产新生儿并发呼吸系统功能异常及发生弱视的几率高于阴道分娩新生儿,其抵抗力远低于阴道生产新生儿。无医学指征剖宫产不但不能降低围生儿的死亡率,反而增加了剖宫产术后病率及孕产妇死亡率,因此不主张无医学指征行剖宫产术。

  

  正文阅读

  Caesareans or vaginal births: should mothers or medics have the final say?

  剖腹产还是顺产:应该由母亲还是医生说了算?

  点击查看翻译

  When Elizabeth Chloe Romanis first considered the ethics of chosen caesarean sections, she was listening to a radio programme her husband had sent her. The programme was about how some NHS trusts refused to give medically unnecessary C-sections to people who wanted them. “He sent it to me like: ‘Have you heard this?’ and obviously I got very annoyed,” says the biolaw researcher at Durham University. Someone phoned in and asked, why should the NHS offer the choice when childbirth is natural and surgery costs money? Irritated, Romanis thought someone from her field ought to argue for the right to choose. “So that’s what I did,” she says.

  当伊丽莎白·克洛伊·罗曼尼斯第一次考虑选择剖腹产的伦理问题时,她正在收听丈夫送给她的一个广播节目。该节目是关于一些NHS信托机构如何拒绝为想要剖腹产的人提供不必要的医疗剖腹产。“他发给我的时候好像在说:‘你听说了吗?’显然我很生气,”杜伦大学的生物法研究员说。有人打电话问,既然分娩是自然的,而手术要花钱,NHS为什么要提供这种选择?罗曼尼斯被激怒了,认为她所在领域的人应该为自己的选择权利进行辩论。“所以我就这么做了,”她说。

  点击查看翻译

  It’s a controversial topic. The World Health Organization says that C-sections are associated with risks for both mother and baby, which is why it campaigns to reduce unnecessary C-sections and considers them a last resort, only to be done when medically necessary, a stance with which some NHS trusts seem to agree. On the other hand, the charity Birthrights and the public body providing national healthcare guidance in England and Wales, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Nice), say if people truly want caesareans after carefully considering the facts, they should be given them.

  这是一个有争议的话题。世界卫生组织表示,剖腹产对母亲和婴儿都有风险,这就是为什么它呼吁减少不必要的剖腹产,并认为这是最后的手段,只有在医疗必要时才会做。NHS的一些信托机构似乎也同意这一立场。另一方面,慈善机构“出生权利”和在英格兰和威尔士提供国家医疗指导的公共机构——英国国家卫生和卓越护理研究所(Nice)表示,如果人们在仔细考虑了事实之后真的想要剖腹产,就应该给予他们。

  点击查看翻译

  As the debate continues, the pattern in the UK is clear: C-sections are rising, and rapidly. During the 2010s, C-sections rose from 25% to about 30%-35% across England, Scotland and Wales, way above the now abandoned WHO target of 10-15%.

  随着争论的继续,英国的模式很明显:剖腹产数量正在上升,而且速度很快。在2010年代,在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士,剖腹产率从25%上升到30%-35%,远高于世卫组织目前放弃的10-15%的目标。

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  今日单词

  caesarean/s??zeri?n/n.剖腹产(手术);

  vaginal birth自然生产;顺产;

  medic/?med?k/n.医科学生;医生;大夫;

  say/se?/n.决定权;发言权;

  section/?sek?n/n.切开;切断;

  trust/tr?st/n.信托机构;

  annoyed/??n??d/adj.恼怒;生气;烦恼;

  childbirth/?t?a?ldb??rθ/n.分娩;

  irritated/??r?te?t?d/adj.烦恼;恼怒;

  controversial/?kɑ?ntr??v??r?l/adj.引起争论的;有争议的;

  associated/??so??ie?t?d/adj.有关联的;相关的;

  campaign/k?m?pe?n/vi.从事运动;

  resort/r??z??rt/n.应急措施;可首先(或最后)采取的手段;

  stance/st?ns/n.立场;

  rapidly/?r?p?dli/adv.快速地;

  rise/ra?z/vi.上涨;

  way above远远超过;

  素材来源

  文本选自:The Guardian(卫报)

  作者:Ida Emilie Steinmark

  原文发布时间:13 Feb. 2022

  每日美句

  Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.

  有志者,事竟成。

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