中西伦理思想差异新探——性善论与性恶论(论文).docVIP

　　中西伦理思想差异新探——性善论与性恶论

　　摘 要

　　现实世界中的事物千差万别，不少哲人将此比喻为“找不到两片相同的树叶”。中西伦理文化显然是人类文化树上的两片不同的树叶。中西方伦理在范畴体系、道德期望、思维方式等上都有很大的不同。西方文化以人性本恶为理论依据，对人作自私好得的“经济人”设定，所以形成了一系列严整的外在控制手段，这种控制以权威、强制、督促乃至惩罚为手段。与此相关，以儒家为代表的东方文化则从人性本善出发，对人作“道德人”的设定，并由此形成了以道德教化启迪良知为主要实施手段的社会控制之道。在儒家看来，这种社会管理之道不仅治标而且治本，因而是社会管理与控制的根本之道。正如我们看到的那样，中国传统的性善说构成了汉代以来历代统治者“德治”思想的理论基础。这个思路与西方传统的性恶论背景下的“法治”之形成了鲜明的反差。

　　中西方伦理各有优势，在全球化的背景下我们中国伦理应当如何发展创新？如何更久远更科学地指导规范世人的行为？随着世界文明的不断发展，中西方在不同的传统背景下，逐渐呈现出不同的特征，中西方伦理思想上存在这两种不同的伦理观、价值观。而在伦理方面，中西方的差异主要体现在“性善论”与“性恶论”上。有鉴于此，本文着重研究中西伦理思想差异中“性善论”与“性恶论”所造成的影响。

　　关键词：中西方伦理；性善论；性恶论Abstract（英文摘要）

　　In the real world differ in thousands ways things, many philosopher will this compared to "find two pieces of the same the leaves". Chinese and western ethical culture obviously is the human culture of two pieces of different tree leaves. In Chinese and western ethics category system, moral expectations, the thinking mode etc are very different. Western culture with human nature this evil as the theory basis, one of the better for selfish "economic man" setting, so has formed a series of external control means in neat formation, this control to authority, forced, to supervise and punishment as the means. And this is relevant to the Confucian as a representative of the east culture are starting from the goodness, "moral person" setting, and has formed the enlightenment to the moral education as the main application methods of conscience in the way of social control. In the Confucian view, the social management way not only take temporary solution and effect a permanent, it is social management and control the fundamental way. As we see it, the traditional Chinese goodness said constitute the ruler of past since the han dynasty "rule" thinking of the theoretical basis. The ideas and western traditional sex evil theory under the background of the "rule of law" to form bright contrast.

　　Chinese and western ethical each have an advantage, under the background of globalization, how should we Chinese ethic