英语学习打卡

　　英语打卡算是一种可以让我稍微静下心来的方式，当然Learn and Record这个公众号也给了我源源不断的英语学习资源，昨天又熬了夜，今早上起床看到洗漱间亮起的灯，我就知道，我的室友们都走了，只剩下了我一人，一时间有点怅然若失，现在早上有点懵懵的，所以英语学习打卡一下吧~

　　Can humans and rats live together? Paris is trying to find out

　　From: CNN

　　Can humans and rats live together?

　　人类与老鼠能和谐共处吗？

　　rat

　　rat /r?t/ 表示“鼠；老鼠”，英文解释为“a small rodent, larger than a mouse, that has a long tail and is considered to be harmful”

　　That's what city leaders in Paris are trying to find out. The French capital, like many metropolises, has a notorious rodent problem.

　　这正是巴黎市领导们试图探寻的问题。与众多大都市一样，这座法国首都也有臭名昭著的鼠患问题。

　　metropolis

　　metropolis /m??tr?p?l?s/ 表示“ 大城市，大都会；首府；首都”，英文解释为“a very large city, often the most important city in a large area or country”，如：a sprawling/bustling/modern metropolis 不断向外扩展的/繁忙的/现代化的大都市，举个 ：Soon afterwards he left to begin his career in the metropolis. 不久之后他就离开到大城市去开展事业了。

　　notorious

　　notorious /n???t??.ri.?s/ 表示“臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的”，英文解释为“famous for something bad”如：one of Mexico's most notorious criminals 墨西哥最臭名昭著的罪犯之一。

　　这个单词我之前在写综述的时候用到过，比如XXX is a notorious barrier that blocks the development AD therapy.

　　rodent

　　表示“啮齿动物（如老鼠等）”，英文解释为“any of various small mammals with large, sharp front teeth, such as mice and rats”

　　Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo is forming a committee to study “cohabitation” – to what extent humans and rodents can live together – one of her deputies said Thursday during a city council meeting.

　　巴黎市长安妮·伊达尔戈（Anne Hidalgo）正在组建一个委员会，探讨“共存”——人类与老鼠在多大程度上能和谐共处。一位副市长于周四的市政会议上宣布了此举。

　　cohabitation

　　cohabitation /k???h?b.??te?.??n/ 表示“同居”，英文解释为“the act of living and having a sexual relationship with someone, especially someone you are not married to”举个 ：Cohabitation has been praised as a test drive for marriage. 同居被赞誉为婚姻的试金石。

　　算是我天真了，cohabitation 不仅仅指住在一起，分享生活空间，可能还意味着have a sexual relationship with someone.

　　deputy

　　1）表示“代理人；副职，副手”，英文解释为“a person who is given the power to do something instead of another person, or the person whose rank is immediately below that of the leader of an organization”

　　2）表示“（某些国家的）议员”，英文解释为“the name for a member of parliament in some countries”。

　　Anne Souyris, Paris' deputy mayor in charge of public health, announced the move in response to questions from Geoffroy Boulard, the head of Paris' 17th arrondissement and a member of the center-right Republican party.

　　负责公共卫生事务的巴黎副市长安妮·苏瑞斯（Anne Souyris）在回答巴黎17区区长、中右翼共和党成员杰弗里·布拉尔德（Geoffroy Boulard）提出的问题时宣布了这一举措。

　　arrondissement

　　这个单词确确实实是第一次遇到

　　arrondissement /???r?n.di?.s?m.ɑ???/ 表示“（巴黎或其他一些法国大城市的）区”，英文解释为“one of the areas into which Paris and some other large French cities are divided. Arrondissement is a French word.”

　　Boulard had called upon the city government to outline a more ambitious plan against the proliferation of rats in public spaces.

　　布拉尔德敦促市政府制定一个更有魄力的计划，以应对公共场所的鼠患问题。

　　outline

　　表示“略述，概括”，英文解释为“to give the main facts about something”举个 ：At the interview she outlined what I would be doing. 面试时她简要介绍了一下我将要从事的工作。

　　proliferation

　　proliferation /pr??l?f??re??n/表示“扩散；激增；涌现；增殖；大量的事物”，英文解释为“the sudden increase in the number or amount of sth; a large number of a particular thing”如：a proliferation of personal computers 个人电脑的激增。

　　He has previously criticized Hidalgo, a member of the center-left socialist party, for not doing enough to eliminate rats from Paris, including during strikes earlier this year which saw garbage pile up across the city.

　　此前，他曾批评中左翼社会党成员伊达尔戈在应对巴黎鼠患问题上做得不够，包括今年早些时候罢工期间，整个城市到处都是垃圾堆积。

　　eliminate

　　1）表示“排除；消除；清除”，英文解释为“to remove or take away someone or something”举个 ：A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease. 养成健康的饮食习惯有助于消除心脏病诱因。

　　2）表示“（比赛中）淘汰”，英文解释为“to defeat someone so that they cannot continue in a competition”举个 ：He was eliminated in the third round of the competition. 他在第3轮比赛中被淘汰。

　　pile (sth) up

　　pile up 表示“成为一堆；把…堆积起来”，英文解释为“to form a pile, or to put a lot of things into a pile”也可以表示“（使）（不好的事物）增加，（使）累积”，英文解释为“(of something bad) to increase”举个 ：Unpaid bills began to pile up alarmingly. 未支付的账单越积越多，数目惊人。

　　“The presence of rats on the surface is harmful to the quality of life of Parisians,” Boulard said.

　　布拉尔德说：“地面上的老鼠影响着巴黎人的生活质量。”

　　Boulard said he was raising his question after coming across an ongoing study, Project Armageddon. The project's mission is aiding the city in managing its rat population and among its objectives is fighting prejudices against rats to help Parisians better live with them.

　　布拉尔德说，他是看到了一项正在进行的研究——“末日工程”后提出这一问题的。该项目的任务是帮助城市管理其老鼠数量，并且其目标之一是打破人们对老鼠的偏见，以帮助巴黎人更好地与它们共存。

　　Armageddon

　　Armageddon /?ɑ?.m??ɡed.?n/ 表示“（毁灭性的）大规模战争，大决战”，英文解释为“an event of great destruction”如：an environmental Armageddon 环境恶化引起的毁灭性灾难，一部美国1988年科幻灾难片就叫这个名字《世界末日》，也译作《绝世天劫》。

　　aid

　　aid /e?d/ 表示“帮助；援助”，英文解释为“to help”举个 ：Huge projects designed to aid poorer countries can sometimes do more harm than good. 旨在援助贫穷国家的庞大计划有时反而会弊大于利。

　　objective

　　作名词，objective /?b?d?ek.t?v/ 表示“目标；目的”，英文解释为“something that you plan to do or achieve”举个 ：Can the sales team achieve/meet its financial objectives? 销售人员能否完成财务目标？

　　作形容词，表示“客观的；就事论事的；不带个人感情的”，英文解释为“not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; considering only facts”如：an objective analysis /assessment 客观的分析/评价。

　　prejudice

　　prejudice /?pr?d??d?s/ 表示“偏见；成见”，英文解释为“an unreasonable dislike of or preference for a person, group, custom, etc., especially when it is based on their race, religion, sex, etc.”如：a victim of racial prejudice 种族偏见的受害者，《傲慢与偏见》Pride and Prejudice.

　　The study is being financed by the French government, though the city of Paris is a partner in the project.

　　这项研究得到了法国政府资助，而巴黎市是该项目的合作伙伴。

　　Souyris explained that what was being studied was to what extent humans and rats can live together in a way that is “the most efficient and at the same time ensures that it's not unbearable for Parisians.”

　　苏瑞斯解释说，研究的目的是探究人类和老鼠在何种程度上能够“以最有效的方式”共存，“同时确保巴黎人不会感到难以忍受”。

　　While rats can spread disease, the deputy mayor said that the rats being discussed were not the same black rats that can carry plague, but other types of rats that carry diseases like leptospirosis, a bacterial disease. Souyris also highlighted some of the actions taken by the city as part of its 2017 anti-rat plan, including investing in thousands of new garbage cans to “make the rats go back underground.”

　　副市长表示，虽然老鼠会传播疾病，但他们讨论的老鼠不是那种会携带鼠疫的黑老鼠，而是其他类型的老鼠，它们会携带像钩端螺旋体病（leptospirosis）这样的细菌性疾病。苏瑞斯还强调了市政府在2017年灭鼠计划中采取的一些措施，包括投资数千个新垃圾桶，“让老鼠重新回到地下”。

　　bacterial

　　bacterial /b?k?t??.ri.?l/ 表示“细菌的”，英文解释为“caused by, made from, or relating to bacteria”如：a bacterial infection 细菌感染。

　　can

　　can作名词，熟词僻义，表示“（装食品或饮料的）金属罐”，英文解释为“a metal container in which food or drink is preserved without air”，如：a Coke can 可乐罐。或者表示“（尤指圆柱形的）罐，筒，听”，英文解释为“a closed metal container, especially cylinder-shaped, in which some types of drink and food are sold”如：a can of soup/beans 一罐汤/豆。

　　说到can让我想起很有意思的一句英文绕口令：Can you can a can as a canner can can a can? 你知道什么意思吗？

　　Souyris later said on Twitter that Paris' rats do not pose a “significant” public health risk. She added that she was asking the French High Council on Public Health to weigh in on the debate.

　　苏瑞斯后来在推特（Twitter）上表示，巴黎的老鼠并没有构成“重大”公共卫生风险。她补充说，她请求法国公共卫生高级委员会对这个问题发表意见。

　　pose

　　摆pose这个词大家应该都比较熟悉，作名词，表示“（为拍照、画像等摆出的）样子，姿势”，英文解释为“a particular position in which a person stands, sits, etc. in order to be photographed, painted, etc.”

　　而pose作动词，1）表示“摆好姿势（拍照）”，英文解释为“to move into and stay in a particular position, in order to be photographed, painted, etc.”举个 ：We all posed for our photographs next to the Statue of Liberty. 我们都在自由女神像边摆好了姿势拍照。

　　2）表示“造成，引起（尤指问题或困难）”，英文解释为“to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty”举个 ：Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone. 核武器对所有的人都构成了威胁。

　　3）表示“（尤指在正式场合）提出（问题），质询”，英文解释为“to ask a question, especially in a formal situation such as a meeting”举个 ：Can we go back to the question that LR posed earlier? 我们能否回到LR早先提出的那个问题上去？

　　weigh in

　　此前在“我不能呼吸了”美国警察暴力执法致黑人死亡文中出现过，表示“（在讨论、辩论等中）发表有分量的意见，发挥作用”，英文解释为“to join in a discussion, an argument, an activity, etc. by saying sth important, persuading sb, or doing sth to help”举个 ：We all weighed in with our suggestions. 我们都提出了建议。

　　美剧《生活大爆炸》（The Big Bang Theory）第6季第5集中谢尔顿就说到：Care to weigh in? 可以理解为想参与讨论，想说点什么吗（To put your opinion into a matter or situation），字幕组将其解释为：有何高见？

　　还是《生活大爆炸》第7季第9集中提到：Can I weigh in here? 所以我能插一句吗?

　　还有如第7季第21集中也提到了：And yet you get to weigh in. 可是你还有话语权啊。

　　“We need scientific advice, not political press releases,” she said.

　　她说：“我们需要科学建议，而不是政治新闻稿。”

　　Animal rights group Paris Animaux Zoopolis welcomed the city's move.

　　动物权益组织巴黎动物城市协会（Paris Animaux Zoopolis）对该市的举措表示欢迎。

　　“Rats are present in Paris, as in all major French cities, so the question of cohabitation necessarily arises,” a statement from the group said.

　　该组织在一份声明中说：“和法国所有主要城市一样，巴黎也有老鼠，因此共存的问题必然会出现。”

　　“At PAZ, when we talk about “peaceful cohabitation” with rats, we don't mean living with them in our houses and apartments, but making sure that these animals don't suffer AND that we're not disturbed. Again, a very reasonable objective!”

　　“在巴黎动物城市协会，当我们谈论与老鼠的‘和谐共处’时，我们并不是说要让它们住在我们的房子和公寓里，而是要确保这些动物不受折伤害，同时我们也不受干扰。再次强调，这是一个非常合理的目标！”

　　CNN has asked the Paris authorities for more detail on the plans.

　　美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）向巴黎当局询问了相关计划的更多细节。

　　- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

　　In a notorious metropolis, rats' proliferation became a rodent Armageddon. The deputy of an arrondissement outlined an objective to eliminate the cohabitation with these rodents, which could pose a bacterial threat. Aid piled up, but prejudice against rat-elimination methods weighed in. Experts in bacterial diseases weighed in, helping to eliminate prejudices and canned the rats, aiding in restoring the city's hygiene.