2023高考英语全国乙卷 阅读理解A 深度解读

　　

　　A

　　PRACTITIONERS

　　Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.

　　Tan Yunxian (1461 - 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.

　　James Barry (c. 1789 - 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.

　　Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 - 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.

　　21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common?

　　A. Doing teaching jobs.

　　B. Being hired as physicians.

　　C. Performing surgery.

　　D. Being banned from medicine.

　　22. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?

　　A. She wrote a book.

　　B. She went through trials.

　　C. She worked as a dentist.

　　D. She had formal education.

　　23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?

　　A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.

　　B. Tan Yunxian.

　　C. James Barry.

　　D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.

　　

　　参考答案：CAD

　　文章主旨：

　　本文是一篇应用文，介绍了中外历史上四位杰出的女性医生，她们在当时都受到不同程度和不同形式的歧视，但她们克服重重困难，为人类健康事业做出了自己的贡献。

　　答案详解：

　　21.C事实细节题。 题干的含义为What did Jacqueline and James have in common?杰奎琳和詹姆斯有什么共同之处? 根据第一段关于Jacqueline的performed surgery和第三段关于James的qualified as a surgeon可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都是外科医生，C. Performing surgery.做外科手术，因此应选C。

　　其它选项含义：A. Doing teaching jobs. 做教学工作B. Being hired as physicians.被聘为内科医生D. Being banned from medicine.被禁止行医。

　　22. A事实细节题。题干含义为：How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?谭云贤与其他从业者有何不同? 第二段中提到... Tan wrote a book..,其它三位医生的介绍中未提及相关内容，因此应选A。而B、C和D选项的内容在Tan Yunxian的介绍中也未提及。

　　其它选项含义：B. She went through trials.她经历了审讯。C. She worked as a dentist.她做牙医。D. She had formal education.她受过正规教育。

　　23.D事实细节题。题干含义为Who was the first African American with a medical degree?谁是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人? 根据第四段中的Rebecca Lee Crumpler ... she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。因此应选D。

　　参考译文：

　　从业人员

　　杰奎琳·菲利斯·德·阿尔马尼亚(约1322年)强调了女性行医所面临的怀疑。她出生在佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，后来搬到了巴黎，在那里她成为了一名内科医生，并从事外科手术。1322年，她因非法行医而受审。尽管法庭听取了她作为医生的能力的证明，她还是被禁止从医。

　　谭云仙(1461 - 1554)是一位中国医生，师从祖父母。当时的中国妇女不能给医生当学徒。然而，谭通过了官方考试。谭治疗过各行各业的女性。1511年，她写了一本书《女医生语录》，描述了她的医生生活。

　　詹姆斯·巴里(约1789 - 1865年)出生在爱尔兰，原名玛格丽特·巴尔克利(Margaret Bulkley)，但后来她被爱丁堡大学录取，以女扮男装学医。她于1813年获得外科医生资格，然后加入英国军队，在海外服役。巴里于1859年退休，她的整个医疗生涯都是作为一个男人生活和工作的。

　　丽贝卡·李·克鲁普勒(1831 - 1895)在1860年进入波士顿医学院学习之前做了8年护士。四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。1865年，她搬到弗吉尼亚州，在那里为被解放的奴隶提供医疗服务。

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