托福阅读的表格题

　　托福阅读的表格题，很多同学对于这个问题有疑问和不解，那么下面就跟着中国教育在线的小编详细了解一下吧。

　　托福阅读中的题型种类也是最多的，这就要求同学们在平时对这些题型要了解清楚。不同的题型，有不同的特点，也有不同的解题技巧。今天整理的是有关表格题的解题技巧。

　　一、表格题分为两大类：总结表格题和对比表格题。

　　1、总结表格题

　　相对而言， 总结表格题的出现频率要高于对比表格题，这是由它们自身特点，出题方式和原文是否具备对比对照关系这三方面的因素决定的。

　　2、题的出题模式有两种：

　　一种是针对全文内容出题，答案由全文的主题，细节和重点支持段落的概述三部分组成。另外一种是针对文章中的重点支持性段落出题，答案由这些重点支持性段落主题，段落结论，以及重点支持性例子的概述三部分组成。这里我们重点看第一种出题模式。

　　我们来看一个例子，

　　The Atlantic Cod Fishery

　　Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.

　　Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.

　　By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.

　　Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However, Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreement decided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base for Newfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into one conglomerate. By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were commanding excellent prices in the market. Consequently, there was a significant increase in the number of fishers and fish—processing plant workers.

　　However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off. In 1992, the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.

　　Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking on the backs of the teeming fish. Today, cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signs of imminent recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing. Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. Studies on fish populations have shown that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocks started rebuilding in Norway, raising the possibility that the cod had migrated. Still, no one can predict whether and when the cod will return to the Grand Banks. ]

　　An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points

　　The Atlantic cod fishery has shaped Newfoundland’s economy for centuries.

　　在托福阅读的题目中， 总结表格题的出现频率要高于对比表格题。这是由它们自身特点，出题方式和原文是否具备对比对照关系这三方面的因素决定的。

　　总结表格题的出题模式有两种：一种是针对全文内容出题，答案由全文的主题，细节和重点支持段落的概述三部分组成。另外一种是针对文章中的重点支持性段落出题，答案由这些重点支持性段落主题，段落结论，以及重点支持性例子的概述三部分组成。

　　以下请参照一个总结表格题的范例：

　　The Atlantic Cod Fishery

　　Off the northeastern shore of North America， from the island of Newfoundland in Canadasouth to new England in the United States， there is a series of shallow areas called banks.Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks， huge shoals on theedge of North American continental shelf， where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet thecold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other， they stir up mineral fromthe ocean floor， providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill， whichfeed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill.Groundfish， such as the Atlantic cod， live in the ocean’s bottom layer， congregating in theshallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has producedcod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.

　　Beginning in the eleventh century， boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived tofish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries， the entire Newfoundland economy takingfish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight inthe fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creatureworth talking about was cod， and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous withcod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.

　　By the nineteenth century， the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchantsbased in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working outof more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return， the merchants provided fishingequipment， clothing， and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin， rocky soil.This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on themerchants.

　　Until the twentieth century， fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself andthought that overfishing was impossible. However， Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to showsigns of trouble during the 1930s， when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands wereunemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreementdecided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base forNewfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into oneconglomerate. By the 1980s， the conglomerate was prospering， and cod were commandingexcellent prices in the market. Consequently， there was a significant increase in the number offishers and fish—processing plant workers.

　　However， while the offshore fishery was prospering， the inshore fishermen found theircatches dropping off. In 1992， the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banksto groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bidto let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994， when all of theAtlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed， except for one in Nova Scotia， and strict quotaswere placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed， andaround 40，000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.

　　Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking onthe backs of the teeming fish. Today， cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signsof imminent recovery， even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing.Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals， which prey on cod and otherspecies， but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. Studies on fishpopulations have shown that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocksstarted rebuilding in Norway， raising the possibility that the cod had migrated. Still， no one canpredict whether and when the cod will return to the Grand Banks.

　　所谓无定位词的题目，即为题干中出现的信息即为整个段落所描述的信息或是定位词即为段落主题。对于这种题目，无法精确定位到原文中的某一处具体信息，因此需要考生具备很强的信息筛选能力。在考试过程时间紧张的情况下，我们建议采取的策略是用选项来定位以迅速确定每个选项的正确性。

　　例题2：

　　Paragraph 6: Groundwater is stored in the pore spaces and joints of rocks and unconsolidated (unsolidified) sediments or in the openings widened through fracturesand weathering. The water-saturated rock or sediment is known as an "aquifer". Because they are porous, sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones and conglomerates, are important potential sources of groundwater. Large quantities of water may also be stored in limestones when joints and cracks have been enlarged to form cavities. Most limestone and sandstone aquifers are deep and extensive but may contain groundwaters that are not being recharged. Most shallow aquifers in sand and gravel deposits produce lower yields, but they can be rapidly recharged. Some deep aquifers are known as fossil waters. The term "fossil" describes water that has been present for several thousand years. These aquifers became saturated more than 10,000 years ago and are no longer being recharged. (TPO 12 – Passage 3)

　　8. According to paragraph 6, which of the following statements about aquifers in deserts is true?

　　○ Water from limestone and sandstone aquifers is generally better to drink than water from sand and gravel aquifers

　　○ Sand and gravel aquifers tend to contain less groundwater than limestone or sandstone aquifers

　　○ Groundwater in deep aquifers is more likely to be recharged than groundwater in shallow aquifers

　　○ Sedimentary rocks, because they are porous, are not capable of storing large amounts of groundwater

　　解析：阅读题干定位词则为aquifers in deserts, 但是浏览段落发现本段从第二句开始就一直在介绍aquifer, 如果选择直接定位的话，则需要阅读的篇幅较长，并且读完段落再去看选项很容易遗忘信息导致浪费时间，因此我们选择从选项入手，利用选项中的信息定位到原文从而判断每个选项的真伪。

　　托福阅读想要拿到高分，其实也不是一件容易的事情。那么在备考的过程中，大家就要多掌握一些高分必备的方法。今天我们为大家分享了2个提分的备考方法，供大家参考。

　　一、熟练把握托福阅读大局

　　良多考生在经由一段时刻的进修后，发现托福语法并不难，每次做错题后一对谜底发现问题问题现实很简单，总有一种恍然年夜悟的感受，可是若干天往后又会再一次恍然年夜悟，走进一个一而再、再而三犯同样错误的怪圈。原因是什么呢?

　　事理很简单：首先，考生对于常识点必定是懂的，否则在对谜底后就不会恍然年夜悟;其次，考生在做题时对考点涉及的常考词不敏感，视若无睹，根柢想不起来。所以考哨兵需谙练把握常考词汇，完美常识点。

　　二、找到自己的常识弱点

　　考生若何知道自己的常识盲点呢?最简单也是最根柢的体例就是做全真题。小编强烈建议考生筹备一个错题本，将自己每次托福阅读备考做习题过程中做错的题全数抄到错题本上，然后在恰当的时辰总结一下，看看自己轻易犯哪些错误。

　　考生在新托福阅读考试中应理当真听好每一堂课，思虑每一道全真题，对做错的题具体总结和归纳，剖析错误原因，避免犯不异的错误，带着足够的耐心和细心去考试。

　　通过上文的内容介绍，大家对“托福阅读的表格题”大家是不是有了一个大致的了解呢？如果大家还想了解更详细、更多的相关内容，则可以继续关注本频道，也可以向本频道咨询。

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