助力高考，一线老师最全面的总结归纳：高考短文改错考点集锦

　　在整个高考英语试卷中，短文改错是一个非常有特点的题型。它对学生的要求较高，是对学生语言知识综合运用能力的考查，检测学生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力，进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平。它属于写作范畴，考点都是基础知识和习惯用法，但答题的能力要求较高。很多学生在该项上往往失分较多，感到束手无策。那么如何解决该类题呢?今天小编对高考短文改错考点从词法角度进行简单的总结归纳，希望对各位同学有所帮助。

　　1． 动词。

　　解题策略：短文改错中涉及动词的修改，首先要联系上下文，判断是谓语动词，还是非谓语动词。若是谓语动词，要看时态和语态是否一致，主谓一致，语气对应。如果是非谓语动词，多从成分来考虑，看是否误用非谓语的形式。另外，要注意情态动词，助动词，介词之后的动词形式。

　　考试要点：

　　(1)每个句子要有动词;谓语动词时态、语态的一致。如：

　　a，When summer came,they will invite their students pick the vegetables！（2017全国卷II）

　　（考查时态。本篇文章是一般现在时，came改为 comes 。备注：本题两处错误）

　　b，I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.(2017全国卷Ⅲ)

　　（解析：become改为became.结合前半句中的动词entered可知，后半句的时态应和前文保持一致。）

　　c，About one month after this photo was took，…（2017全国卷Ⅲ）

　　(解析：took改为taken。根据句意可知此题考查的是一般过去时被动语态。)

　　d，I thought that it is a good idea.（2016全国卷II）

　　(解析：thought改为think。根据句意可知此题考查的是一般现在时。)

　　e，She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... （2003全国卷）

　　（ reads改为read.结合前半句中的动词entered可知，后半句的时态应和前文保持一致。and连接并列谓语）

　　f，Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... （2004全国卷）

　　（talked改为talk，根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时）

　　g，I will write again and send you the photos we take together. （2005全国卷Ⅱ）

　　（take改为took把照片寄给你，应该是已经拍好的，用过去时）

　　h，There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. （2005全国卷Ⅰ）

　　（was应该改为 is 。从上下文判断，应该是现在时，谓语用is）

　　i，（2005全国卷Ⅰ）For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. （2005全国卷Ⅰ）

　　（working改为work，句子缺谓语动词）

　　k，I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. （2017全国卷III）

　　（had改为have考查动词时态。根据全文的语境和时间状语 in the past few years可以判断此处用现在完成时）

　　l，About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.（2017全国卷III）

　　（took改为taken考查动词。根据句意可此处表示被动含义：this photo 与 take 之间肯定是被动关系，,故把took改为 taken； become-+ became考查动词时态。根据and前面的动词 entered判断该句应该用一般过去时。）

　　m， I’m glad to learn that you’ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life. (2014山东)

　　（应去掉been。此处表示“我”已经定居某地，是主动的动作，所以此处要用现在完成时的主动语态。）

　　n， When one student does so, much larger values are destroying. (2014重庆)

　　（应把destroying改为destroyed。价值是被破坏，故要用动词的destroy的被动语态。）

　　（2）主谓一致

　　a，Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. （2005全国卷Ⅰ）

　　（allows改为allows主语是动名词短语Earning their own money，谓语应该用单数）

　　But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability.（2005江苏卷）

　　b，（were改为 was主语是第三人称单数）

　　（3）语气

　　Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. （2016全国卷II）

　　(解析：can改为should或者去掉can。根据句意和语法分析可知此题考查的是虚拟语气。)

　　（4）非谓语动词

　　a，When summer came,they will invite their students pick the vegetables！（2017全国卷II）

　　（考查非谓语动词。Invite somebody to do，邀请…去做。pick变为 to pick.备注：本题两处错误。）

　　b，We can chose between staying a home and take a trip. .(2016全国卷Ⅱ)

　　（解析：take改为taking.考查非谓语动词，and连接两个并列成分，且介词之后的动词应用动名词形式。）

　　c，Perhaps someone who wanted see the play would take them. (2014陕西)

　　（解析：应在wanted后加不定式符号to。want表示“想要”的时候不能直接接动词原形作宾语，而必须接带to的不定式作宾语。）

　　d，Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interested. (2014福建)

　　（解析应把interested改为interesting。activities(活动)应该是“令人感兴趣”的才对，故此处要将interested改成interesting。）

　　e，My father was so pleasing that he suggested I go to England for a holiday. (2014全国卷I)

　　（解析：应把pleasing改为pleased。由于主语是my father，所以要用过去分词。）

　　f，I just Want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. (2014天津)

　　（解析：应把becoming改为become。help后不接动名词作宾语，而是接动词不定式作宾语。）

　　g， We’d better not to miss the chance to enjoy it. (2014重庆)

　　（解析：应去掉not后面的to。had better后接不带to的不定式作宾语。）

　　h， …and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.

　　（解析：应在make前加to，make在此处并非做谓语，而应该是不定式作目的状语，符号to不可省。）

　　i， But then there are always more mysteries look into.

　　（解析：应在look前加to，此处应该用不定式作定语，修饰mysteries，故look into前缺to。）

　　j， We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.

　　（解析：短语look forward to中的to是介词，其后应接动名词，故应将see改为seeing。）

　　k， I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time. I got caught in the traffic.

　　（解析：在任何情况下keep均和doing连用，如keep doing sth, keep somebody(something) doing something, keep…from doing…等。）

　　l， I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.

　　（解析：to后应加be。因为其后面是名词，而不是动词原形，所以不能直接用to。）

　　（5）情态动词之后用动词原形、介词之后用动名词形式及助动词的用法。个别时候考察多与少的问题。

　　a，We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全国卷Ⅱ)

　　（解析：chose改为choose.情态动词之后接动词原形。）

　　b，She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(2013全国卷Ⅰ)

　　（解析：holding改为hold.动词不定式后接动词原形，used to do something.过去常做某事。）

　　c，I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全国Ⅲ卷)

　　(解析：wear改为wearing.介词之后的动词要用动名词形式)

　　d， I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or also each day. (2014全国卷)

　　（解析：结合上一行，followed her advice和put down应是并列谓语，should用于此处显然是画蛇添足。）

　　e，…and I wonder if you’ll free then so we could chat about the good older days. (2014山东)

　　（解析：应在free前加be。You’ll是you will的缩写形式，其后不可直接接形容词作表语，必须加系动词be才能构成系表结构。）

　　2． 名词。

　　解题策略：短文改错中对于名词的考查，首先考虑是否为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数，不可数名词没有单数和复数。下来结合单复数的表达以及修饰词来考虑。另外格的表达是否有错误，如无数或格的错误，就从行文逻辑以及词性转换来考虑。作为单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。如：

　　a，If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books(2016全国卷Ⅱ)

　　（ knowledges 改为 knowledge。 knowledge为不可数名词。备注：此处有两处错误）

　　b，…they often get some useful informations from the Internet.（2017年全国卷Ⅱ）

　　(解析:informations 改为information.因information是不可数名词，无复数形式。)

　　c，The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.(2016全国卷Ⅲ)

　　(解析：year改为years.根据句意year要用复数形式)

　　d，I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago.(2007全国卷)

　　(解析：friend改为friend's.根据句意，一个朋友的生日应该用名词所有格friend's表所属)

　　e，This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(2013全国卷Ⅱ)

　　(解析：grow改为growth.此处grow要作介词for的宾语，应用其名词形式growth.)

　　f，My uncle says that the key to his success is honest.(2016全国卷Ⅰ)

　　(解析：honest改为honesty.根据语境可知，此处应用名词作表语。)

　　g，Their word were a great encouragement to me.（2003全国卷）

　　（是把word改为words 还是把were改为was，根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定。）

　　h， a few minute on the Internet.（2004全国卷Ⅰ）

　　（ minute改为 minutes，a few修饰复数名词。）

　　i，But one and a half year later.（2005全国卷Ⅱ）

　　（ year改为years，one and a half意思为一年半，故判断此处year应为复数形式）

　　j，There are advantage for students to work...

　　（ advantage改为 advantages，从there are 判断应该用名词复数）

　　k，The instructor kept repeating the word,(2017全国卷Ⅰ)

　　（word改为words，语境得知此处为复数概念）

　　3． 冠词。

　　解题策略：短文改错中对于冠词的考查，一区分a/an，要从a或an其后的单词发音音素来考虑，a用辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前。二区分定冠词和不定冠词甚至零冠词的区别。要考虑a或an和the在泛指和特指方面是否误用，a或an表泛指，the表特指。三要注意短文中出现的短语、词组等，查是否有固定结构中冠词、介词等使用不当、多用或漏用等。

　　a， …it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.(2017全国卷Ⅱ)

　　(解析：a改为an.考查冠词，因为hour的发音是以元音音素开头，所以其前用an.)

　　b，…A woman saw him saying and told him to wait outside a shop.(2015全国卷Ⅱ)

　　(解析：a改为the.结合语境及上下文，此处应用the特指前文提到的shop.)

　　c，…Around me in ︿picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time.（2017全国卷Ⅲ）

　　(解析：picture之前加冠词the，根据句意，此处应用冠词the特指上文提到的picture.)

　　d，In a fact, he even scared my classmates away when they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013全国卷Ⅰ)

　　（解析：去掉冠词a.因为in fact是固定短语，冠词a多余。）

　　e，But in that case, we will learn little about world.(2016全国卷Ⅱ)

　　（解析：加冠词a.因为 world是独一无二的，表独指时，冠词the不能省略。）

　　f，I still remember how hard first day was.(2017全国卷Ⅰ)

　　（解析：去掉冠词a.因为in fact是固定短语，冠词a多余。）

　　4． 形容词和副词。

　　解题策略:短文改错中对形容词和副词的考查，首先要考虑词性误用现象。考虑到形容词和副词的修饰关系是否误用(形容词修饰名词或代词，副词修饰动词，形容词，副词和句子)。然后查看形容词或副词的三级是否误用，以及及的词。此外考虑行文逻辑的一致性。如

　　a，It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. (2016全国卷Ⅱ)

　　(解析：many改为much，根据语境，此处应用much修饰cost.)

　　b，I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.(2012全国新课标)

　　(解析：little改为less.根据语境，此处应用little的比较级less.)

　　c，I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes ,…(2017全国卷Ⅲ)

　　(解析：difference改为different. 因为kinds of是名词短语，应用形容词来修饰名词 )

　　d，…he hope that his business will grow steady.(2016全国卷Ⅰ)

　　(解析：steady改为steadily.因为grow为动词，修饰动词应用steady的副词形式steadily.)

　　e，Dad and I were terrible worried.(2015全国卷Ⅱ)

　　(解析：terrible改为terribly.因为worried为形容词，修饰形容词应用terrible的副词形式terribly.)

　　f，A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.(2017全国卷Ⅰ)

　　(解析：late改为later.因为A few minutes late几分钟以后，later为副词.)

　　g，The teachers here are kind and helpfully.(2014全国卷Ⅱ)

　　(解析：helpfully改为helpful，根据语境和行文逻辑，此处应用形容词作表语。)

　　h，Beside，they often get some useful information from the Internet.(2017全国卷Ⅱ)

　　(解析：Beside改为Besides.根据语境，此处应用副词独立成句作评述性状语。)

　　i，I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.(2017全国卷Ⅲ)

　　(解析：late改为latest.根据语境，此处表“最新的”用the latest。)

　　j，It was a relief and I came to a suddenlystop just in the middle on the road.(2017全国卷Ⅰ)

　　(解析：sudden改为suddenly.根据语境，sudden为形容词修饰名词stop。)

　　5.并列连词。

　　解题策略：并列连词主要涉及对表示并列（and）、转折（but）、选择（or）、因果（so）等关系的连词的考查，主要涉及误用现象。如：

　　a，If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. (2016全国卷Ⅱ)

　　b，There the air is clean or the mountains are green.(2015全国卷Ⅰ)

　　(解析：or改为and.根据句子前后之间为并列关系可知，此处应把or改为and.)

　　c，I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.(2017全国卷Ⅲ)

　　(解析：and改为but.此句中not only…but also…是固定搭配。)

　　d， I'm going to attend my first lesson this afternoon，for I've got some preparation to make.(2009全国卷)

　　（解析：for改为so，此处句子前后之间为因果关系，所以应用因果连词so.）

　　e，Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, soonce I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. (2017全国卷Ⅰ)

　　（解析：so改为but，此处句子前后之间为转折关系，所以应用转折连词but.）

　　6.介词。

　　解题策略：短文改错中的介词考查，其错误的表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。由于介词是虚词，所以它常和动词，名词构成短语，分析时要从整体角度去考虑。如：

　　a，It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.(2017全国卷Ⅰ)

　　（解析：on改为of .考查固定搭配，in the middle of"在……中间"，故on 改为of.）

　　b，They have also bought for some gardening tools.(2017全国卷Ⅱ)

　　(解析：去掉介词for.因buy是及物动词，其后可直接接宾语，故介词for多余。)

　　c，I realize of how fast time flies. (2017全国卷III)

　　(去掉of， 考查介词。 realize是及物动词,后面接宾语时不需要介词。)

　　d，My uncle says that he never dreams︿becoming rich in a short of time.(2016全国卷Ⅰ)

　　(解析：dreams的后面加介词of.考查固定用法dream of doing something.)

　　7.代词。

　　解题策略：短文改错中对代词的考查，要查人称代词的数，格，数和性是否误用，代词前后是否指代一致。此外，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词也会有所考察。如：

　　a，If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. (2016全国卷Ⅱ)

　　(解析：your改为our.考查人称指代一致。)

　　b，…This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.(2017全国卷Ⅲ)

　　(解析：your改为my.考查人称指代一致，前文都是在讲"我"的故事，所以这里应该是"我的"高中时期的记忆。)

　　c，Mr.and Mrs. Zhang all works in our school.(2017全国卷Ⅱ)

　　(解析：all改为both.考查代词，both指两者都，all表示三者以上，因主语是两个人，故用both.)

　　8.从句引导词，疑问代词/副词。

　　解题策略：短文改错中，从句引导词主要集中考查英语中各类从句的引导词，如定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等。对于各类从句引导词的考查，要根据句意和从句的类型，选用正确的引导词，判断引导词是否多与少。如：

　　a，In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.2017,2（2处错误）

　　（that改为 which ，在 非限制性定语从句中不能用关系代词that。）

　　b，…Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time.（2017全国卷Ⅲ）

　　（解析：they改为that/which.考查定语从句，先行词things是物，故用that/which）

　　c，…he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015全国卷Ⅱ)

　　(解析：where改为that或直接去掉where.考查宾语从句，此句中that 引导的从句充当found的宾语，同时that引导宾语从句亦可省略。)

　　d， In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013全国卷Ⅰ)

　　(解析：during改为when.考查时间状语从句，during为介词，不能引导从句，故用when时间状语从句。)

　　e，My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. (2016全国卷Ⅱ)

　　（how改为what，how to do结构不完整，后要跟宾语，而what to do 结构完整）

　　9. 数词。

　　偶尔会涉及基数词改序数词的知识点。

　　In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,…(2017全国卷Ⅰ)

　　(解析：eighteen改为eighteenth.考查序数词，18岁的生日，应该用序数词eighteenth.)

　　

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