小额贷款的定义以及申请条件

栏目:影视资讯  时间:2023-01-17
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  什么是小额贷款和小额信贷如今媒体有关小额信贷的报道越来越多,但所用名词比较混乱。用GOOGLE或百度搜索,同样一件事情,有用小额信贷的,有用小额贷款的。表面看这两个词似乎区别不大,其实有着很多的不同。小额贷款从字面看是小额度的贷款。小到什么程度?和其他贷款有什么区别?没有定义和规定。如果用小额贷款来命名在5省区新成立的商业可持续的信贷公司,只能说明这些公司是提供小额度贷款的,可能与其他银行没有什么区别。这些公司注册资金只有一两千万,不可能有大额贷款,所以叫小额贷款公司没有什么不妥。其他银行和信用社也发放小额贷款,如果按照人行试点方案的定义,单笔贷款额在注册资金5%以下的为小额贷款,那么一个注册资金为1亿的银行,其额度在500万以下的贷款都可算小额贷款了。小额信贷则有明确的定义和国际普遍接受的标准。主要有几个重要的原则:首先是信用贷款,不需要抵押。小额信贷主要是解决为传统银行无法服务的低端客户的金融服务问题。其服务对象为低端客户;因为服务对象的特殊性,所以要求提供无须抵押的信用贷款;因为是信用贷款,所以额度一定要小到可以控制风险的程度;国际上对小额信贷的额度一般用当地人均GDP的倍数来衡量,根据交流中心管理的小额信贷经验,在农村一般不高于5000元,在城市一般不高于2万元;因为是小额度的信用贷款,因此要有一套不同于普通银行机构的贷款管理模式;同时因为小额信用贷款操作成本和风险较高,需要收取可以弥补成本和风险的较高的贷款利息;最后,因其特殊性,也要求在金融监管方面采取相对灵活的政策和做法。在这样的定义下,媒体在使用小额信贷概念的时候应该仔细考察报道对象的实际业务情况。WhatIsMicrofinance?Microfinanceisthesupplyofloans,savings,andotherbasicfinancialservicestothepoorpeoplelivinginpoverty,likeeveryoneelse,needadiverserangeoffinancialinstrumentstoruntheirbusinesses,buildassets,stabilizeconsumption,andshieldthemselvesagainstrisks.?Financialservicesneededbythepoorincludeworkingcapitalloans,consumercredit,savings,pensions,insurance,andmoneytransferservices.Thepoorrarelyaccessservicesthroughtheformalfinancialsector.Theyaddresstheirneedforfinancialservicesthroughavarietyoffinancialrelationships,mostlyinformal.Creditisavailablefrominformalcommercialandnon-commericalmoney-lendersbutusuallyataveryhighcosttoborrowers.Savingsservicesareavailablethroughavarietyofinformalrelationshipslikesavingsclubs,rotatingsavingsandcreditassociations,andmutualinsurancesocietiesthathaveatendencytobeerraticandinsecure.Providersoffinancialservicestothepoorincludedonor-supported,non-profitnon-governmentorganizations,cooperativescommunity-baseddevelopmentinstitutionslikeself-helpgroupsandcreditunionscommercialandstatebanksinsuranceandcreditcardcompanieswireservicespostofficesandotherpointsofsale.NGOsandothernon-bankfinancialinstitutionshaveledthewayindevelopingworkablecreditmethodologiesforthepoorandreachingouttolargenumbersofthepoor.Throughoutthe1980sand1990s,theseprogramsimprovedupontheoriginalmethodologiesandbuckedconventionalwisdomaboutfinancingthepoor.?Theyhaveshownthatthepoorrepa ytheirloansandarewillingandabletopayinterestratesthatcoverthecostsofprovidingtheloans.Financialservicesforthepoorhaveprovedtobeapowerfulinstrumentforpovertyreductionthatenablesthepoortobuildassets,increaseincomes,andreducetheirvulnerabilitytoeconomicstress.?However,withnearlyonebillionpeoplestilllackingaccesstobasicfinancialservices,especiallytheverypoor,thechallengeofprovidingfinancialservicestothemremains.?Convenient,safe,andsecuredepositservicesareaparticularlycrucialneed.

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