1992年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译和答案—本文介绍驾驶员不良行为

　　It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible.

　　我们可以谴责交通阻塞、汽油价格、以及现代生活的快节奏，但马路礼貌确实越来越糟糕。

　　Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether.

　　所有的人都知道：即便脾气最好的人在车里也会变成怪兽。老虎在油箱里还好说，可老虎若坐在驾驶员的位置上就完全是另一回事了。

　　You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motoristis the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.

　　你也许能够容忍在马路上横冲直闯的司机、粗鲁且不体谅人的司机，但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。(可能这需要发起一场“对其他司机友善”的运动，否则，情形会完全失控)。

　　第二段：

　　Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.

　　马路文明不仅是一种礼貌行为，还是一种良好的意识。司机需要非常冷静的头脑和好脾气才能在碰到不文明行为时克制住自己不进行报复。

　　On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring.

　　另一方面，些许文明行为十分有助于缓解驾车时的紧张情绪。

　　A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions.

　　一个友好的颔首、感谢对方礼貌行为的一个轻轻的挥手有助于形成友好宽容的氛围，

　　But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.

　　而这在当前的交通条件下是非常必要的。但现在，这种对礼貌表示认可的行为非常罕见。现今很多司机即使见到礼貌行为也似乎视若惘然。

　　第三段：

　　However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;

　　但是，误用礼貌同样危险。典型的事例为：司机为了让过从边路上突然出现的车而采取急刹车，却对后面的交通造成了危险。（而若不出现这种情况），本来只需几秒钟的等待，道路就会畅通无阻；

　　or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.

　　或者，有人会为一个穿过斑马线的孩子让路，示意其进入行车道，但随后驶来的车辆却无法及时停车。同样，鼓励老太太随时随地横穿马路的行为也是如此。

　　It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.

　　我经常感到奇怪：高速公路上居然没有屡屡出现这些老太太被撞死的交通事故。

　　第四段：

　　A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.

　　一位行为无可挑剔的老司机曾告诉我：在不引起交通阻塞，从而惹怒其他司机的前提下，司机们学会逐个插入车流有助于缓解交通。

　　Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship.

　　但现代的驾驶员甚至不会学如何驾车，更别说掌握公路驾车技能的微妙之处了。

　　Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

　　多年前专家就曾警告我们：汽车拥有量的突增要求所有马路使用者的互谅互让。现在是我们该把这项警告铭记于心的时候了。

　　14. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by.

　　[A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog

　　[B] the rhythm of modern life

　　[C] the behavior of the driver

　　[D] traffic conditions

　　[分析] 本题考核知识点：第一段主旨题。

　　第一段第二句至段末的内容指出：好人一旦驾车也可能成为伤人的妖怪；过分大胆的司机（tiger）会造成很大的麻烦；鉴于文明驾车的司机太少的现状，为了不至于情况完全失控，有必要发起名为“对其他司机好点”的运动。这说明，形成道路问题的主要原因是司机的行为。 另外，本文其余部分全部是围绕“司机如何正确运用礼貌（politeness），以减少道路问题”进行讨论。所以，[C]为正确选项。

　　误选[A]是因为没有正确理解You might tolerate…rule，本句旨在说明：文明驾驶的司机并不常见；而并非说明人们对于鲁莽司机的态度。[B]、 [D]舍本逐末：文章第一段提到现代生活的节奏和交通状况是为了引出道路问题的主要原因──司机的行为。

　　15. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that.

　　[A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists

　　[B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally

　　[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog

　　[D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists

　　[分析] 本题考核知识点：根据上下文理解句意。

　　本句大意：你可以容忍古怪、粗鲁、不体谅人的司机，但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。exception to the rule 意为“例外”。[D] 是the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule的改写，表达相同的意思，所以为正确选项。

　　[B]与事实相反。[A]、[C]文中未提及。

　　16. By “good sense,” the writer means.

　　[A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably

　　[B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions

　　[C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior

　　[D] the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations

　　[分析] 本题考核知识点：根据上下文理解短语。

　　根据题干关键词good sense锁定第二段第一句。由于该句是段落主题句，所以对它的理解必然基于对本段内容的把握。本段第一句指出：马路文明不仅是good manners，还是good sense。下文开始对good sense进行具体阐述。第二句说明如何对待他人不礼貌的行为：克制住自己不进行报复；第三句到段末说明如何对待他人的礼貌行为：表示理解并做出认可的反应。所以，[A]是这两方面内容的概括。[C]和[D]都只涉及一个方面的内容，不全面，[B]中“困难且严峻的条件”太笼统，“快速反应”在该段也没有提到。

　　17. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,.

　　[A] road users should make more sacrifice

　　[B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other

　　[C] drivers should have more communication among themselves

　　[D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others

　　[分析]：本题考核知识点：细节题。

　　根据题干中出现的关键词Experts，car-ownership explosion锁定全文倒数第二句。对本题进行判断的主要依据来自于对短语give-and-take 的理解。考生根据本合成词的构成很容易猜测出give-and-take 意为：互相让步,互相迁就（make mutual concessions），[B]中的yield to each other即为此意，所以为正确选项。

　　18. In the writer’s opinion,.

　　[A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed

　　[B] drivers should apply road politeness properly

　　[C] rude drivers should be punished

　　[D] drivers should avoid traffic jams

　　[分析] 本题考核知识点：作者观点题。

　　理解作者的观点需要纵观全文。本文第二段说明司机应该礼貌驾驶并对同行的礼貌行为做出合理反应。第三段说明司机误用礼貌(misplaced politeness ) 同样危险。所以，本文是从正反两方面分析了politeness对减少道路问题的作用。properly对于作者的观点最具有概括力，所以[B]为正确选项。

　　本文并没有从利用交通法规减少交通问题方面进行讨论，所以[A]非本文论述内容。本文也没有提及对野蛮司机的惩罚，所以[C]非正确选项。文章只在开头作为马路问题产生原因之一提及traffic jam，而并没有提到司机应该避免交通高峰以减少交通问题，所以[D]非正确选项。